ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the role of HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 in cognitive impairment induced by neuronal damage.@*Methods@#Western blot and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect microglia activation, inflammatory factor expression and neuronal damage after gp120 treatment. Neuronal damage and neurocognitive performance in gp120-transgenic mice were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining and behavioral analysis, respectively.@*Results@#In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that HIV-1 gp120 significantly induced the expression of caspase-1 and IL-1β, and indirectly caused neuronal synaptic shortening and neuronal damage (P<0.05). Compared with wild-type mice, gp120-transgenic mice showed significant cortical and hippocampal glial activation, neuronal loss, dendritic damage and neurocognitive disorders.@*Conclusions@#HIV-1 gp120 might cause neuronal damage through activating the release of inflammatory factor by microglia and involve in neurocognitive impairment.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the role of HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 in cognitive im-pairment induced by neuronal damage. Methods Western blot and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect microglia activation, inflammatory factor expression and neuronal damage after gp120 treatment. Neu-ronal damage and neurocognitive performance in gp120-transgenic mice were evaluated using immunohisto-chemical staining and behavioral analysis, respectively. Results In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that HIV-1 gp120 significantly induced the expression of caspase-1 and IL-1β, and indirectly caused neuro-nal synaptic shortening and neuronal damage (P<0. 05). Compared with wild-type mice, gp120-transgenic mice showed significant cortical and hippocampal glial activation, neuronal loss, dendritic damage and neu-rocognitive disorders. Conclusions HIV-1 gp120 might cause neuronal damage through activating the re-lease of inflammatory factor by microglia and involve in neurocognitive impairment.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the performance of hook effect of five immunoturbidimetric kits for the detection of specific proteins on biochemical analyzers.Methods Five immunoturbidimetric kits with higher market share that came from Beijing BSBE (A), Sichuan maccura (B), Shenzhen Mindray (C), Ningbo Medical System (D) and Beijing Leadman (E) were used to determine six specific proteins.A series of concentration gradient samples were prepared and tested to compare the performance of hook effect from different manufactures′kits when the analytical measurement ranges were known.Results In the five kits, the upper limits of the safe range of antigen excess about ASO, hs-CRP andβ2-MG were relatively higher in B and C.No hook effect occurred at the approximate concentration of 10 000IU/mL, 1 000mg/L and 226mg/L respectively.The highest upper limits for CysC were C and E kits, and both were greater than 112mg/L.The upper limits of the safety range for other manufacturers were more than 700mg/L about RBP except for D.The maximum upper limit of mALB was D.Hook effect did not appear at the concentration of 43 560mg/L approximately.Conclusion Different manufactures′immunoturbidimetric kits have different hook effect performance.The laboratories should verify the hook effect performance before using the kits, and select the most suitable kit to prevent hook effect.